![]() ![]() In addition, as with other studies that have demonstrated weight loss with exercise, the amount of exercise was substantial at 7.4 ± 0.5 hours/week. ( 8) demonstrated not only effective weight loss (7% over 16.8 weeks) with exercise alone, but also preservation of lean body mass (LBM) and improvement of maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max) when compared to weight loss with a comparable energy deficit through calorie restriction alone the latter resulted in both a loss of LBM and a decrease in VO 2max. However, the amount of activity to achieve this weight loss was again greater than the general exercise recommendations for health. This demonstrated a clinically significant weight loss for both men and women. In the completion group, weight losses were 3.9 ± 4.9 and 5.2 ± 5.6 kg, respectively. Exercise was supervised for 10 months with an exercise calorie-equivalent reduction of either 400 or 600 calories 5 days per week and a completion rate of 65%. ( 7) demonstrated weight loss with exercise alone in a group of 141 overweight or obese (BMI 31 kg/m 2) men and women in the Midwest Exercise Trial 2. Duration of exercise was based on the goal of a daily 700-calorie energy expenditure (∼60 min/day), suggesting that performing exercise greater than the minimum national recommendations for health of 150 min/week may be required to achieve clinically meaningful weight loss.ĭonnelly et al. ( 6) demonstrated a body weight decrease of 7.5 kg over 3 months in the exercise-only group (16 men) that was comparable to that of the calorie-restricted group. In a randomized, controlled trial of 52 obese men (BMI 31.3 ± 2.0 kg/m 2), Ross et al. However, the exercise group had the added benefit of improved aerobic fitness ( 5). Ten percent weight loss was achieved over 6 months in both interventions without a statistically significant difference in the percentage loss of body fat. The calorie deficit remained constant during the 6-month trial. Thirty-six overweight participants were assigned to either exercise plus calorie restriction or calorie restriction alone to determine whether exercise enhanced weight loss efforts. ![]() There are two questions that need clarification: 1) Does the drive for homeostasis require greater bouts of exercise than previously recommended to contribute to weight loss? 2) Do individuals compensate for exercise by either eating more or reducing their nonexercise activity thermogenesis? The challenge over time is to accurately monitor both sides of the equation as individuals interact in their daily lives.Ī systematic review of studies with a minimum of 1-year follow-up ( 4) suggested that subjects who used exercise alone for weight reduction experienced minimal weight loss. Many outcomes data have been reported from research studies that have examined exercise alone, exercise plus dietary restriction, or dietary restriction alone to determine strategies for weight loss. The questions addressed in this article are: Does exercise in and of itself improve weight loss efforts outside of dietary restriction? Is there a difference between aerobic training and resistance training in achieving weight loss or weight maintenance? What are the potential explanations for less weight loss than predicted with exercise? When weight loss is achieved through any weight loss intervention program, does exercise contribute to the maintenance of that weight loss?ĭoes Exercise in and of Itself Improve Weight Loss Efforts? Research supports the importance of exercise in relationship to improved cardiovascular fitness, insulin sensitivity, glycemic control of type 2 diabetes, blood pressure, and depression scores ( 1), but does exercise itself contribute to weight loss and maintenance efforts? However, correctly defined, physical activity is all movement that creates energy expenditure, whereas exercise is planned, structured physical activity ( 1). Physical activity and exercise are often used interchangeably. To achieve weight loss, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) ( 1), American Academy of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) ( 2), and National Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics ( 3) all recommend exercise as an integral part of any weight loss program. The two parts of the equation for weight maintenance are energy intake (eating and drinking) versus energy output (nonexercise thermogenesis + exercise). Most individuals spend much of their lives in the same weight range without daily focus on caloric intake and output. Energy balance is a process through which the body attempts to establish homeostasis. ![]()
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